Cobalt
Element 27 of Periodic table is Cobalt with atomic number 27, atomic weight 58.9332. Cobalt, symbol Co, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and Gray color. Cobalt is a transition metal element. Know everything about Cobalt Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth"s crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.
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Cobalt Facts
Read key information and facts about element Cobalt
| Name | Cobalt |
| Atomic Number | 27 |
| Atomic Symbol | Co |
| Atomic Weight | 58.9332 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Gray |
| Classification | transition metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | 9 |
| Group Name | cobalt family |
| Period in Periodic Table | 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d-block |
| Electronic Configuration | |
| Melting Point | 1495 °C |
| Boiling Point | 2927 °C |
| Electronic Shell Structure | <2, 8, 15, 2> |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-48-4 |
How to Locate Cobalt on Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 27 to find Cobalt on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Cobalt on periodic table look for cross section of group 9 and period 4 in the modern periodic table.
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Table of Contents
History
Abundance
Physical Properties
Thermal Properties
Crystal Structure
Atomic & Orbital Properties
Chemical Properties
Isotopes
Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Databases
Compare Cobalt with other elements
Cobalt History
The element Cobalt was discovered by Georg Brandt in year 1735 in Sweden . Cobalt derived its name from the German word Kobold, meaning "goblin"
Cobalt Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Cobalt in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth"s Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Abundance in Universe | 3e-06 |
| Abundance in Sun | 4e-06 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 0.00059 |
| Abundance in Earth"s Crust | 3e-05 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 8×10-9% |
| Abundance in Humans | 2×10-6% |
Crystal Structure of Cobalt
The solid state structure of Cobalt is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| 250.71 | 250.71 | 406.95 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc |  |
| Space Group Number | 194 | |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
Cobalt Atomic and Orbital Properties
Cobalt atoms have 27 electrons and the electronic shell structure is <2, 8, 15, 2> with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 4F9/2.
| Atomic Number | 27 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 27 |
| Number of Protons | 27 |
| Mass Number | 59 |
| Number of Neutrons | 32 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | <2, 8, 15, 2> |
| Electron Configuration | |
| Valence Electrons | 3d7 4s2 |
| Oxidation State | -3;-1 1;2;3;4;5 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 4F9/2 |
Shell Structure of Cobalt - Electrons per energy level
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Cobalt - neutral Cobalt atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Cobalt atom isSee more: The Color Of My Semen Is Yellow Sperm Is Good Or Bad, Yellow Semen: Causes, Treatment, And More
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Cobalt
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Cobalt atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2
Atomic Structure of Cobalt
Cobalt atomic radius is 152 pm, while it"s covalent radius is 126 pm.
| Atomic Radius | 152 pm (1.52 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 6.62170786517 cm3 |
| Covalent Radius | 126 pm (1.26 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | N/A |
| Neutron Cross Section | 37.2 σa/barns |
Atomic Spectrum of Cobalt
Cobalt Chemical Properties: Cobalt Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Cobalt is 63.7 kJ/mol
| Valence | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.88 |
| ElectronAffinity | 63.7 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energy of Cobalt
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Cobalt
| 1 | 760.4 |
| 2 | 1648 |
| 3 | 3232 |
| 4 | 4950 |
| 5 | 7670 |
| 6 | 9840 |
| 7 | 12440 |
| 8 | 15230 |
| 9 | 17959 |
| 10 | 26570 |
| 11 | 2.94×104 |
| 12 | 3.24×104 |
| 13 | 3.66×104 |
| 14 | 3.97×104 |
| 15 | 4.28×104 |
| 16 | 49396 |
| 17 | 52737 |
| 18 | 134810 |
| 19 | 145170 |
| 20 | 1.547×105 |
| 21 | 1.674×105 |
Cobalt Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Cobalt Physical Properties
| Density | 8.9 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 6.62170786517 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
| Young Modulus | 209 GPa |
| Shear Modulus | 75 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 180 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.31 |
Hardness of Cobalt - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
| Mohs Hardness | 5 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 1043 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 700 MPa |
Cobalt Electrical Properties
Cobalt is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Cobalt
| Electrical Conductivity | 1.7×107 S/m |
| Resistivity | 6×10-8 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | N/A |
Cobalt Heat and Conduction Properties
| Thermal Conductivity | 100 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.000013 K-1 |
Cobalt Magnetic Properties
| Magnetic Type | Ferromagnetic |
| Curie Point | 1394 K |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | N/A |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | N/A |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | N/A |
Optical Properties of Cobalt
| Refractive Index | N/A |
Acoustic Properties of Cobalt
| Speed of Sound | 4720 m/s |
Cobalt Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Cobalt
| Melting Point | 1768 K (1495 °C) |
| Boiling Point | 3.2×103 K (2927 °C) |
| Critical Temperature | N/A |
| Superconducting Point | N/A |
Enthalpies of Cobalt
| Heat of Fusion | 16.2 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 375 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | N/A |
Cobalt Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Cobalt
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Cobalt has 1 stable isotope - 59Co.
| 47Co | ||||
| 48Co | ||||
| 49Co | ||||
| 50Co | ||||
| 51Co | ||||
| 52Co | ||||
| 53Co | ||||
| 54Co | ||||
| 55Co | ||||
| 56Co | ||||
| 57Co | ||||
| 58Co | ||||
| 59Co | 100% | Stable | N/A | |
| 60Co | ||||
| 61Co | ||||
| 62Co | ||||
| 63Co | ||||
| 64Co | ||||
| 65Co | ||||
| 66Co | ||||
| 67Co | ||||
| 68Co | ||||
| 69Co | ||||
| 70Co | ||||
| 71Co | ||||
| 72Co | ||||
| 73Co | ||||
| 74Co | ||||
| 75Co |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7440-48-4 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSGF8750000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 3089 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | N/A |
| NFPA Hazards | N/A |
| NFPA Health Rating | N/A |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | N/A |
| Autoignition Point | N/A |
| Flashpoint | N/A |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-48-4 |
| CID Number | CID104730 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | RTECSGF8750000 |